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Letter frequency effect
Letter frequency effect - the effect of letter frequency according to which the frequency with which the letter is encountered influences the recognition time of a letter. Letters of high frequency show a significant advantage over letters of low frequency in letter naming,〔Cosky, M. J. (1976). The role of letter recognition in word recognition. Memory & Cognition, 4 , 207-214.〕 same-different matching,〔Egeth, H., & Blecker, D. (1971). Differential effects of familiarity on judgments of sameness and difference. Perception & Psychophysics, 9 (4), 321-326.〕 and visual search.〔Latimer, C. R. (1972). Search time as a function of context letter frequency. Perception, 1 , 57-71.〕 Letters of high frequency are recognized faster than letters of low frequency.〔Miozo, Michele & Bastiani, Pierluigi de (2002). The Organization of Letter-Form Representations in Written Spelling: Evidence from Acquired Dysgraphia. Brain and Language 80, 366–392〕 Appelman and Mayzner (1981) in their re-analysis of the studies concerning letter frequency effect have found that in 3 out of 6 studies using reaction times (RTs) as a dependent variable the letter frequency correlated significantly with RTs.〔Appelman, I. B., & Mayzner , M. S. (1981). The letter-frequency effect and the generality of familiarity effects on perception.Perception & Psychophysics, 30, 436 – 446.〕
== Discussion ==
Majority of studies on letter frequency effect failed to find a significant letter frequency effect.〔Boris, New & Grainger, Johnatan (2011). On letter frequency effects. Acta Psychologica 138, 322 –328〕 These studies, however, used the same-different matching task〔 in which the participants see two letters and are to respond if these letters are same or different.〔 Therefore, the absence of letter frequency effect in these studies may be due to the participants using the visual form of a letter instead of a letter itself to match the letters.〔
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